国际海洋资源环境管理困境与破解——基于集体行动理论的视角

On the Dilemma of Environmental Governance of International Marine Resources and Its Counter-measures——Viewed from the Theory of Collective Action

加强国际海洋资源环境管理已成为世界各国21世纪发展海洋经济、促进经济社会可持续发展的关键举措。人类活动已致使海洋渔业资源濒临枯竭、海洋环境遭受重大破坏,国际海洋渔业资源捕捞面临"公地悲剧"、国际海洋环境容量过度使用陷入"囚徒困境"、国际海洋资源环境管理遭遇"集体行动悖论"。为了有效破解这一集体行动困境,国际社会应加强区域合作、构建区域合作机制;强化"选择性诱因"激励机制;积极培育利益共同体成员间的社会资本;改革联合国海洋资源环境管理机构、强化机构间协调。

Strengthening of the international marine resources environment has become the key concern to the in- ternational community throughout the 21 century to develop marine economy, and for the economic society to promote sustainable development. Indiscriminable fishing has caused marine fishery resources to border on being exhausted, and marine environment has been polluted extremely. Development and utilization of the marine fishery resource faces a ＂tragedy of the commons＂, over utilization of the marine environmental capacity results in ＂prisoner＇ s dilemma＂, governance of the marine resources and environment experiences ＂paradox of collec- tive action＂. In order to solve the dilemma, the international community has to do the followings： strengthening regional cooperation, constructing regional cooperation mechanism; perfecting selective inducement; actively cultivating social capitals among community of interests ; reforming the departments of governance of internation- al marine resource and environment in the UN, and strengthening the inter- agency coordination.