国家竞争力与文化软实力——全球化语境下的人文社会科学价值

National Competitiveness and Cultural Soft Power: Value of Humanity and Social Sciences in the Context of Globalization

历史上,科技、军事、经济构成一个国家发展的"硬实力",人文社会科学(文学、历史、哲学、宗教、艺术、社会学、法学、政治学、经济学等)形成一个国家强盛的"软实力"。传统社会是以力相争、弱肉强食的社会,依赖的是"硬实力",靠展示"拳头"和"肌肉"去征服对方。20世纪末期冷战结束以后,国家的强大在"硬实力"的基础和保障之下,更加强调"软实力"的重要性。软实力不是以"刚性"的暴力去胁迫、威胁、摧毁对方,使之服从,而是以"柔性"的文化魅力和精神形象去吸引对方,使其自觉地跟从、效仿,从而达到"不战而屈人之兵"的效果,成本更低,获益更大。它不是"以力服人"的"霸道",而是"以理服人"、"以心服人"的"王道",比"硬实力"更具人道主义的意义。

In history,science and technology,military,economy constitute the ＂hard power＂ of a country＇s development;humanity and social sciences（literature,history,philosophy,religion,art,sociology,law,political science,and economics） form the ＂soft power＂ of national prosperity.The traditional society followed the jungle rules,depending on ＂hard power＂ to conquer other countries with ＂fists＂ or ＂muscles＂.After the Cold War in the late 20th century,a strong country,with its ＂hard power＂ basis and protection,lays more emphasis on ＂soft power＂.Instead of ＂rigid＂ violence to force,threat or destroy the opposite side into obedience,＂soft power＂ resorts to ＂soft＂ cultural charm and spiritual image to attract the opposite side into consciously following,and imitating so as to ＂subdue the opposite side without fighting＂ with lower cost and more benefit.Instead of ＂hegemony＂ to ＂control others with force＂,＂soft power＂ is ＂benevolence＂ to ＂convince others by reasoning and honesty＂ and is more humane than ＂hard power＂.