论出土战国文献中“勿”和“毋”的区别

A Study on the Difference of “Wu(勿)” and “Wu(毋)” in Unearthed Literature of Warring States

出土战国文献中"勿"和"毋"在否定范围、否定中心和否定功能上都有不同。"勿"对其否定范围的谓语中心有严格要求,而"毋"则没有这样的限制。"勿"的非对比性否定中心绝大多数在其后的非被动态非关系及物动词上。即使是对比性否定中心,也多在其后的及物动词上。这种"勿"否定了谓语动词所表示的动作,也否定了整个命题。"毋"的非对比性否定中心,则多在谓语动词之外的宾语、定语、补语、状语上。即使是对比性的否定中心,也多在这些成分之上。"毋"一般否定了否定范围内的某些成分,而不否定整个命题。

In the unearthed literature of the Warring States, the words ＂wu（勿 ）＂ and ＂wu（毋）＂ are different in their negative scopes, negative centers, and negative functions. The word ＂wu（ 勿）＂ has strict requirement for predicate center of its negative scope, but ＂wu（毋）＂ is not limited by the same requirement. The non-comparative negative center of ＂wu（ 勿 ）＂ is mostly represented by the non-relational transitive verbs of non-passive voice. Even if it appears as a comparative negative center, it often consists of transitive verbs. The word ＂wu （勿）＂ negates the action expressed by a predicate verb and meanwhile negates the whole proposition. The non-comparative negative center of ＂wu （毋）＂ mainly covers objects, attributives, complements and adverbials, rather than predicate verbs. Even if it is a comparative negative center, it mostly covers these elements. The word ＂wu （毋）＂ denies only some elements in the negative scope rather than the whole proposition.