海底隧道控制爆破施工对白海豚的影响分析

Influence on Dolphins Imposed by Controlled Blasting during Subsea Tunnel Construction

为减小厦门翔安海底隧道爆破对珍稀海洋生物白海豚的不利影响,采用控制爆破理论计算和水下冲击波现场监测相结合的方法进行分析研究,制定较为合理的海底隧道控制爆破方案,通过减少爆破循环进尺、预留光爆层、合理布孔、控制总装药量和单段最大起爆药量等技术措施,尽量减少爆破引起的应力波峰值。计算和监测结果表明,距爆源中心点200 m以外的声压峰值和声压级均较小,故取200 m作为白海豚保护安全距离。建议加强施工海域白海豚监测,必要时采取渔船、声波或电磁波驱赶法将其驱赶至安全距离之外。

The influence on dolphins imposed by blasting during construction of Xiang＇ an sub-sea tunnel in Xiamen is studied by means of theoretical calculation and field monitoring. Proper controlled-blasting program is established for the construction of the sub-sea tunnel. Countermeasures, such as minimizing the blasting advance rate, preserving the smooth-blasting layer, properly arranging the blasting holes, well controlling the total charging quantity and the individu- al ignition explosive quantity, are taken to minimize the peak value of the stress wave. The calculation and monitoring results show that both the peak value and the grade of the acoustic pressure 200 m beyond the blasting source are small. Therefore, the distance of 200 m is taken as the safe distance for the protection of the dolphins. It is proposed that the monitoring of the dolphins in the sea area that may be influenced should be strengthened and that, when necessary, the dolphins should be expelled to safe areas by means of ships, acoustic waves or electromagnetic waves.