当前中国慈善事业的运行基础——观念·政策·组织

Operation Foundation of Current China Charity——Idea,Policy and Organization

文章从观念、政策和组织三个维度对当前中国慈善事业的运行基础做了深入剖析。研究认为,经过近20年的发展,中国慈善事业取得了显著成效。然而,不难看到,其尚处于起步阶段,观念、政策和组织都存在明显缺陷。客观地讲,国人慈善观念尚未固化,并随社会思潮呈现摇摆多元态势。与之对应,政策在慈善事业的市场和社会准入问题上审慎而犹疑。这种有限取向,在引致种种慈善乱象的同时,业已无法适应国内日益旺盛的慈善需求。尽管2010年以来,中央及部分地区频频出台各种利好政策,但慈善发展的政策环境依旧不容乐观。在国家让渡出的有限空间中,行政化路径仍是慈善落实的主流选择。市场化和社会化逻辑虽做部分探索,但或多或少都面临着合法性及可持续困局,各种社会争议也总是如影随形。区别于李昌平等所倡导的由"垄断慈善"走向"竞争慈善",政策演进的现实性和复杂性提醒我们:慈善事业由国家而社会的转移并不顺利。中国慈善事业迎来的将是一个垄断与竞争长期并存的双轨时期。

The paper tries to deeply analyze operation foundation of China charity from three perspectives of idea, policy and organization. The study shows that China charity has made a great progress in last 20 years, but still in its start stage. Because it is easily found that ideas, policies and organizations have obvious defects. Objectively speaking, Chinese ideology of charity, not stable, takes on multiple trends as ethos develop. Correspondingly, cautious and hesitation are characteristic of policies on charity market and social access, which causes kinds of chaos in charity as well as unsatisfied charitable demands. Although central government and some areas frequently introduce sorts of positive policies since 2010, the political environment for China charity is still not optimistic. Within the limited range allowed by government at all levels, ways of administration are still the main trends of charity practice. Though marketizaion and socialization are also being probed, they still confront crisis from legitimacy and sustainability as well as social controversy everywhere. Different from the viewpoint of monopoly charity moving toward competition charity proposed by Li Changping and so on. We based on the reality and complex of policy evolution, believe that the transformation of China charity from government to society is not smooth. China＇ s charity will face a double-track stage of long coexistence between competition and monopoly.