强降水时蒸发常见错情及措施

Common Errors and Countermeasures for Evaporation Records in Strong Precipitation Weather

对山东省2009年7—8月报表错情统计,发现强降水时蒸发错情达18.6条,其原因是观测员对《地面气象观测规范》理解不够准确,审核员过于武断,对规范理解过于僵化,将观测员处理正确的记录统计为错情。对德州2000—2010年及平原2008—2010年强降水时对蒸发所采取的措施比较得出:液态降水采用增加溢流桶法效果最好,但它不适用固态降水;加盖法简单易行,适用于液态和固态降水,但只适用于守班期间。因此针对不同降水性质,应采取不同措施,确保蒸发记录的准确性。

The analysis of the evaporation records in July and August 2009 over Shandong Province indicate that the number of fault records in strong precipitation weather was up to 18.6, and the main reasons include that the observers＇ understanding of the relevant observation stands was not correct, and that the checkers＇ understanding of the stands was too inflexible, consequently making an arbitrary conclusion. Based on the evaporation data of Dezhou from 2000 to 2010 and the plain from 2008 to 2010 in strong precipitation weather, a comparison was conducted between before and after certain countermeasures being taking, and the results indicate that the liquid precipitation method by increasing the overflow barrel is best, but it is not applicable to solid precipitation; the covering method is simple, easy, suitable for both liquid and solid precipitation, but only suitable while there is an observer on duty. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken according to the different natures of precipitation, to ensure the accuracy of evaporation records.