司马迁对“孟荀齐号”语法的确立

“The Same Title as Mencius and Hsun Tsu” Given by Sima Qian

司马迁通过孔子而思,最先建构"孟荀齐号"的思想史语法。这一语法包含两方面的涵义:一方面,正如孟子之为人文尊称一样,司马迁称荀子为荀卿,亦当理解为人文意义上而非职官意义上的尊称;另一方面,明里同尊孟荀,可谓司马迁的"正锋",而暗里更钟情于孟子,则是司马迁的"侧笔"。尽管以上两个方面交织着人文情感与历史理性的冲突,但司马迁以"孟荀齐号"作为最后的抉择,却经受住了历史的考验,并且深深地影响了"尊孟贬荀"语境下的思想史发展。即便"尊孟贬荀"已然成就价值判断、意识形态下的"硬语法",与此同时,"孟荀齐号"依然是事实判断、客观叙事下的"软语法";即便一个人于价值判断层面上正在宣示"尊孟贬荀"的意识形态,与此同时,他也必须在事实判断层面上正视"孟荀齐号"的历史本身。

Thinking through Confucius, Sima Qian first gave ＂the same title as Mencius and Hsun Tsu＂in the history of Chinese thought, which included two meanings： one is that Sima Qian called Hsun Tsu as Hsun tsing ＂in the humanity＂ but not ＂officially＂ just like calling Mencius, the other is that seemingly respecting Mencius and Hsun Tsu without difference in direct writing, but in fact Sima Qian preferred Mencius to Hsun Tsu in the other side. Although there was a conflict between humanistic emotion and historical ration, Sima Qian made a final choice giving ＂the same title as Mencius and Hsun Tsu＂, which could weather history and influence the development of Chinese history of thought. Even if ＂the preferring Mencius to Hsun Tsu＂ is a kind of＂ hard grammar＂ affected by value judgment and ideology, ＂the same title as Mencius and Hsun Tsu＂ is still a kind of ＂soft grammar＂ affected by fact judgment and objectivity; even if a person is interested in ＂the preferring Mencius to Hsun Tsu＂ in value judgment and ideology, he must also face the historical fact of＂the same title as Mencius and Hsun Tsu＂ itself in fact judgment and objectivity.