黄渤海北部沿海大风时空变化特征

The temporal and spatial characters of gale in the northern coast of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea,China

基于1971—2008年黄渤海北部沿海18个气象站风向、风速历史资料和NCEP再分析资料,利用统计学、小波分析和天气学分型方法分析黄渤海北部辽宁沿海风场时空变化特征。结果表明:黄渤海北部沿海大风呈减少趋势,大风主要出现在春季,4月为最多,11月次之。风向主要以偏北风和偏南风为主,夏半年主要以南风为主,冬半年盛行偏北风。海上大风的天气学分型主要划分为冷锋后部型、高压后部型、台风型和气旋型,其中气旋型包括江淮气旋型、华北气旋型、蒙古气旋型和东北低压型;冷锋后部型大风出现次数最多,气旋型次之,台风型最少。

Based on the wind direction and wind speed data from the 18 weather stations around the northern coast of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea and the NCEP reanalysis data from 1971 to 2008, the temporal and spatial distributions of wind field were analyzed using a statistical method, a wavelet analysis and a weather pattern. The results show that gale is in a significantly decreasing trend around the northern coast of the Yellow Sea and the Bo- hal Sea. The gale occurs mainly in spring, especially in April, then in November. The wind directions are south and north in half year of summer and in half year of winter, respectively. Weather patterns are divided into four types, i. e. cold front rear type, high pressure rear type, typhoon type and cyclone type. Moreover, cyclone type includes types of Jianghuai cyclone, North China cyclone, Mongolia cyclone and northeast low-pressure. Among them, the frequency of cold front rear type is the highest, then that of the cyclone type, and that of typhoon type is the low- est.