浙江近海波浪能资源的初步研究

A preliminary study of the wave energy resources in the sea adjacent to Zhejiang

以2000年为例,采用SWAN波浪数值模型对浙江近海海域的波浪进行了全年模拟计算,并计算获得年、月平均波功率密度分布。研究表明,浙江近岸海域年平均波功率密度约为2～6kW.m-1,往外海逐渐增大;同时季节变化明显,秋、冬季节波功率密度较大,春、夏季节较小。另外,通过对浙北、浙中和浙南3个近海海区的波浪出现频率和波功率密度随波高和周期变化的分析可知,浙北海域波功率密度比较高的波高及周期范围和波浪出现频率较高范围较为接近,而其对应平均波功率密度相对较低;浙南海域波功率密度比较高的范围所对应的平均波功率密度较高,而与波浪出现频率较高的范围则略有差异;浙中海域居两者之间。总体而言,浙江近海波浪能资源丰富,且全年中可开发与利用的波浪能出现频率较高。

Taking the year of 2000 as an example, the ocean waves in the sea adjacent to Zhejiang were simulated using SWAN model, and the wave power was calculated. Firstly, average annual and monthly wave power distributions were analyzed. The results show that the wave power is about 2-6 kW m-1 in the sea adjacent to Zhejiang, and increases seaward. Due to the effect of monsoon its seasonal variation is obvious far from the coast while it is not so obvious near the coast. Secondly, through analysis of wave joint distribution of wave height and period which corresponds respectively to wave occurrence frequency and wave power, we compare the wave power joint distribution of wave height and period in the sea area of northern, middle and southern Zheiiang. A parameter of ＇wave power ratio＇ was introduced, which represents the proportion of cumulated wave power during one year within a range of wave height and period. Generally, the wave height and period range of big ＇wave power ratio~ and high wave occurrence frequency is very close but not completely the same. The range of big ＇wave power ratio＇ and high wave occurrence frequency are relatively close in the sea area of northern Zhejiang, but the corresponding mean wave power is comparatively low, while the corresponding mean wave power of the rang of big ＇wave power ratio＇ in the sea area of southern Zhejiang is high, but a little bit different from the range of high wave occurrence frequency. The situation in the sea area of middle Zhejiang is in between that off northern and southern Zhejiang. In general, there are abundant wave energy resources off Zhejiang, and the yearly wave occurrence frequency of exploitable wave energy is quite high.