苍山火烧迹地蜘蛛群落类型及多样性的量化分析

Quantitative analysis diversity after fire in of spider-community and Cangshan mountain

本研究以“空间序列”代替“时问序列”的研究方法以云南大理苍山地区6个不同时期的火烧迹地为基础，采用群落聚类分析和排序的方法，结合回归分析，探讨了火烧迹地的生境类型、演替历史、季节和海拔梯度对蜘蛛群落类型及多样性的影响。共采集到蜘蛛标本21942号，291种，分属于34科。聚类分析表明，火烧地蜘蛛群落总体可以分为2大群落，即落叶层一树皮下群落和地上（包括草丛、灌木和乔木层）蜘蛛群落；生境类型是影响蜘蛛群落类型的重要因素，而演替历史对群落分类的影响也值得重视。排序分析表明，生境类型是影响火烧地蜘蛛群落的物种组成与群落结构的重要因素，这与群落的聚类分析结果是一致的。回归分析表明，演替历史、季节和生境类型明显影响火烧地蜘蛛群落的多样性。其中，影响最明显的因素是演替历史，其次是季节和生境类型。

In order to reveal the effect of habitat type, succession history, season and altitudinal gradient on spider community type and diversity after fire, an investigation of spider community based on the ＇space-for-time substitution＇ was carried out in Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan Province. Cluster analysis, ordination analysis and regression analysis were used for data analysis. In all 18 samples, 21 942 specimens, 291 species belonging to 31 families of Araneae were collected in total. Cluster analysis showed spider community could be grouped into 2 types： leaflitter-bark group and above ground group（dwelling in grass, shrub and arbor）; for community type classification, habitat type is an important factor, then succession history is another significant factor. Ordination analysis indicate that habitat type is important for spider community composition and structure. Regression analysis showed that habitat type, succession history and season play evident effect on the diversity of spider community in burned forest. Among them, succession history was the most important one.