城乡小学生父母教养方式比较

The Analyses of Parenting Styles of Primary School Students in the Urban and Rural Areas

目的了解城乡小学生父母教养方式的现状及其差异。方法采用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU),对云南省昭通市昭阳区2所小学和镇雄县2所小学的四、五、六年级455名学生进行测查。结果 (1)对城镇小学生而言,父、母教养方式在年级上的差异无统计学意义,父亲的过分干涉和母亲的过干涉、过保护的性别差异具有统计学意义;(2)乡村父亲对子女在过分干涉和拒绝否认上存在性别差异,在情感温暖与理解、过分干涉和偏爱被试上存在年级差异,而母亲对子女的教养方式不存在性别差异,但偏爱被试上存在年级差异;(3)城乡小学生父母教养方式在父亲的情感温暖与理解、惩罚严厉、偏爱被试、拒绝否认,以及母亲的情感温暖与理解、过干涉过保护上差异具有统计学意义,乡村父母对孩子采取更多负性的教养方式。结论:城镇小学生父母教养方式指标优于乡村小学生父母教养方式。

objective To explore the present state and its differences in parenting styles of primary school students in the urban and rural areas. Methods Parental Rearing Behavior Inventory （EMBU） was used to survey 455 4th -6th grade students from 2 primary schools in Zhaoyang County and 2 primary schools in Zhenxiong County, Zhaotong city of Yunnan province. Results （1） for the urban primary school students, the parental rearing behaviors has no significant grade difference, but significant sex difference exist in the father＇ s excessive interference, mother＇ s excessive interference and overproteetion. （2） for students in rural primary school, the father＇ s excessive interference and rejection-denial have statistically significant sex differences, moreover, grade differences significantly exist in three factors of emotional warmth and understanding, excessive interference and favoritism, while the mother＇ s rearing behaviors has no significant sex difference, but grade difference exist in favoritism factor. （3）there is statistically significant differences between the urban and rural parents in the aspects of father＇ s emotional warmth and understanding, punishment, favoritism, rejection-denial, and in the mother＇ s emotional warmth and understanding, excessive interferenee and overprotection. Compared with the urban parents, the rural parents take more negative upbringing methods to their Children. Conclusion For all the parenting indices, the urban parents＇ rearing behaviors are more positive than those of the rural parents.