精神专科医院与综合医院女护士职业紧张和主观幸福感的对比研究

Occupational stress and subjective well-being among female nurses from psychiatric and general hospitals:a comparative study

目的探讨精神专科医院与综合医院女护士的职业紧张和主观幸福感的差异及其相互关系。方法选择温州市两家精神专科医院和两家综合医院的女护士(分别为251人和380人),进行付出-回报失衡问卷、社会支持量表和Campbell幸福感量表调查;用t检验和多元线性回归比较两类护士职业紧张和主观幸福感的差异。结果精神专科医院护士的职业紧张程度显著高于综合医院护士[(1.29±0.31)vs(1.11±0.41),P<0.01];精神专科医院护士的主观幸福感总分显著低于综合医院护士[(9.66±1.62)vs(11.1±1.42),P<0.01];多元线性回归控制相关因素后,精神专科医院和综合医院护士的职业紧张程度和主观幸福感总分差异均有统计学意义。结论精神专科医院护士的职业紧张程度重于综合医院护士,而主观幸福感低于综合医院护士;需要采取综合干预措施,以减轻护士职业紧张和增进幸福感。

Objective To compare and analyze the difference of occupational stress（OS）and subjective well-being（SWB）between female nurses from psychiatric and general hospitals.Methods The study subjects consisted of 251 nurses from two psychiatric hospitals and 380 nurses from two general hospitals in Wenzhou,all participants were required to complete the Effort-reward Imbalance Questionnaire,Social Support Rating Scale,and Campbell Index of Well-being Scale.T-test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to compare the differences of OS and SWB between nurses.Results The average OS level of nurses from psychiatric hospitals was higher than that of nurses from general hospitals（1.29±0.31 vs 1.11±0.41,P0.001）,while the SWB level was lower（9.66±1.62 vs 11.1±1.42,P0.001）.After controlling confounders,multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the differences still remained statistically significant.Conclusions Psychiatric nurses have higher level of OS and lower level of SWB compared to that of nurses from general hospitals.Therefore some comprehensive interventions are critical to reduce OS and improve SWB.