爬树蕨属2种植物配子体发育及其系统学意义

Development and Taxonomic Significance of Gametophytes of 2 Species in Arthropteris J.Sm.

采用原生境土和Knop′s营养液对爬树蕨A rthrop teris p allisotii(Desv.)Alston和桂南爬树蕨A rthropteris repens(Brack)C.Chr.的孢子进行培养,观察其孢子萌发和配子体发育过程。2种孢子均为黄褐色,两面体型,单裂缝,极面观椭圆形,赤道面观为肾形,周壁褶皱。接种8d后孢子开始萌发(书带蕨型),播种14d左右发育为3～8个细胞的丝状体,27d左右发育为片状体,60d左右形成幼原叶体(三叉蕨型)。幼原叶体不对称,成熟的原叶体呈对称心形。原叶体边缘及背腹面都具单细胞乳头状的毛状体。播种75d左右开始出现性器官,精子器近圆球形,由3个细胞构成,成熟颈卵器颈部由4～5层细胞构成。爬树蕨和桂南爬树蕨的配子体发育特征表现出较为进化的特点。

The spores of Arthropteris pallisotii and Arthropteris repens were respectively cultured in habitat of soil and knop＇s.The mature spores were yellow-brown,bilateral type,monolete,kidney-shape in equatorial view and elliptical in polar view with a loose wrinkled perines.The spore germianation pattern of both species was of the Vittaria-type.It occured about 8 days after inoculation.The gametophyte development was of the Aspidium-type.Filamentous growth appeared within 14 days after inoculation and formed a filament of 3～8 cells.Prothallial plates growth appeared within 27 days after inoculation.The young prothallia were not symmetry temporarily,but the mature prothallia were cordate type with one type hair.Antheridia were appeared on prothallus 75 dayrs after inoculation,pelletlike,consisting of three cells.The neck of mature archegonium was composed of 4～5 layers of cells high.The characteristics of spore germination and gametophyte development of A.pallisotii and A.repens were relatively advanced.