中古儒家经学著述形式的转变——关于义疏体裁的研究

Form Changes in the Study on Confucian Classics——A Study on the Genres of Discourse

儒家经学有章句、经注和义疏等著述形式,其中"义疏"体裁出现于西晋,在东晋中晚期之后渐趋盛行。令人遗憾的是,今人对于"疏"体的研究,较为薄弱,甚至有许多错误的看法和认识。其中较为典型的是认为儒家的义疏来源于佛教,并注意到义疏之学有"疏不驳注"的原则,以为这种原则意味着义疏之学缺乏创新精神。考察儒家义疏的起源,当早于佛教的义疏。至于南朝,儒、佛两家的义疏之学同时兴盛,相互影响,那种认为佛教义疏单向地影响儒学的见解,乃是片面的。而唐初学者所标榜的"疏不驳注",实为激烈的民族主义主张,这一主张的含义,是企图清除佛教对儒家义疏的影响,越过佛学而遥继经注之学。由此而论,有必要对中古经学的著述形式做认真的研究。

There are several ways in the study of Confucian classics such as syntactic analysis, annotation,discourse,and so on.Discourse appeared in the Western Jin Dynasty.and then became popular in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty.Unfortunately,the study of ＂discourse＂ is relatively weak,so much so that it got many erroneous viewpoints and conceptions. Among them,the more typical one is the opinion that discourse on Confucian classics has originated from Buddhism,and by considering the fact that discourse has the principle that ＂discourse does not object to annotation＂,it holds that the study of discourse lacks the spirit of innovation.Discourse on Confucian classics originates earlier than its counterpart of Buddhism.In the Southern Dynasties,discourses on both Confucian and Buddhist classics thrived simultaneously and interacted with each other.As a result,the opinion that Buddhist classics influence unilaterally the study of Confucian classics is not all-round.The principle that ＂discourse does not object to annotation＂,which was put forward by scholars in the early Tang Dynasty,actually is an assertion of strong nationalism.What the assertion aims at is to eliminate Buddhism＇s influence on the study of Confucian classics,letting the latter pass over the former and inherit the study of Confucian classics annotation.Giving the analysis above,conclusion may be drawn that genres of the study of Confucian classics in medieval times need to be studied conscientiously.