虚无主文与理想主文:庄子与卢梭的“自然”观念异同及价值批判

Nihilism and Idealism:the Similarities and Dissimilarities of Nature View between Zoranzi and Rousseau and their Own Value Criticism

庄子与卢梭均发现了人类文明进程中的二律背反问题,并提出了有关"自然"的理想或设想。然而,二者对于"自然"的理解却不尽相同:就人与自然的关系而言,虽然他们都强调人与自然的和谐统一,但在哲学基础上又存在着一元论与二元论的差异;就社会理想而言,虽然他们都表达了对自由、平等的向往和追求,但在实现途径上又表现为至德之世与契约社会的差异;就审美态度而言,虽然他们都提倡素朴本真、拒斥异化的生存,但在内容指向上又体现出以"道"观物与以"善"观物的差异。庄子"顺应自然"的虚无主义与卢梭"回归自然"的理想主义,共同呼唤人性与社会的返璞归真。

During the process of human culture,both Zoranzi and Rousseau discovered the problem of antinomy,and came up with their own ideals and hypothesis about the ＂Nature＂, but they had different comprehension of it.In terms of the relationship between man and nature,although they all emphasized the harmony and integration between them,they held monism and dualism respectively on the basis of philosophy;as far as social ideals,although they longed for pursuing freedom and equality,they had different ways to made them come true——one relying on virtue and the other on social contract;when it came to their aesthetic taste,although they all advocated simple surviving and rejected alienation, they judged the contents in doctrine and in kindness differently.Zoranzi was a nihilist,who preferred to natural order,while Rousseau was an idealist who advocated returning to nature. However,both of them encouraged man and society to recover their simplicity and return to the original nature.