铁路职工职业倦怠现况及其影响因素

Occupational burnout and its related factors among railway workers

目的了解太原铁路职工职业倦怠的整体状况,探讨其影响因素,从而为缓解和克服铁路职工职业倦怠,为有针对性地制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法分层随机抽取铁路职工600名,以问卷形式调查了解铁路职工的社会人口学、工作、健康和生活、社会支持状况,采用职业倦怠量表通用版(MBI-GS)对铁路职工的职业倦怠进行全面测量,并统计分析铁路职工职业倦怠的影响因素。结果铁路职工职业倦怠3个维度分值分别为情绪衰竭15.03±9.15,人格解体11.84±7.62,成就感降低19.55±10.21,总分为46.51±20.31。影响因素分析显示,50岁以上组的职业倦怠程度低于50岁以下组,工龄大于30 a组发生职业倦怠得分明显低于小于30 a组,火车司机比其他岗位人员更容易产生职业倦怠感;文化程度越低、家庭有收入人口数越少,连续工作时间越长,职业倦怠程度越高;日均睡眠时间越长,参加体育锻炼次数越多,兴趣越广泛,获得社会支持越多,职业倦怠程度越低。结论铁路职工存在职业倦怠现象,呈中等程度。工龄、职工不同工作岗位、连续工作时间、参加体育锻炼、兴趣、社会支持等是影响铁路职工职业倦怠程度的主要因素。

[Objective]To investigate the status and influencing factors of occupational burnout among railway workers,and provide scientific basis for developing intervention measures to alleviate or overcome railway workers＇ burnout.[Methods]Totally 600 railway workers were randomly selected for investigation of social demography,work,health and life,social support.MBI-GS was used to measure burnout comprehensively,and its related factors were analyzed statistically.[Results] Scores of emotional exhaustion,depersonalization and low sense of achievement for railway workers with occupational burnout in the 3 dimensions and total were 15.03±9.15,11.84± 7.62,19.55±10.21,and 46.51±20.31,respectively.Burnout for workers aged ≥50 years or service length ≥30 years was lower than workers aged 50 years or service length 30 years.Train drivers were more likely to have burnout than others.The railway workers who had lower educational level,the less family members with incomes,and the longer working hours/d tended to have burnout with higher level;while workers who had more sleeping hours,higher frequency of physical exercise,and more interests tended to have burnout with lower level.[Conclusion]Occupational burnout among railway workers is at medium level.The main factors influencing burnout are service length,working types,continuous working length,frequency of physical exercise,interests and social support.