某石化企业育龄女工自然流产的病例对照研究

A case-control study of spontaneous abortion among female workers in a petrochemical enterprise

目的了解石化企业育龄女工自然流产发生的影响因素,为制定防制措施、减少自然流产的发生提供科学依据。方法采用配对病例对照研究设计,由经培训的调查员选取南京市某大型石化生产企业3年期间发生的156例自然流产者进行回顾性问卷调查。对照组在市疾病预防控制中心进行健康检查的已婚育龄妇女中选择,按年龄进行1∶1配对。对照组与病例组填写相同的调查表。结果多因素条件logistic回归分析显示,家庭月人均收入、月经是否规律、家中是否养动物、劳动强度、接触苯及其同系物、接触重金属、该工种的工龄、接触噪声、接触振动等因素与石化女工自然流产有显著关联,其中家庭月人均收入是保护因素,而月经是否规律、家中是否养动物、劳动强度、接触苯及其同系物、接触重金属、该工种的工龄、接触噪声、接触振动则是石化女工自然流产的危险因素(其OR值分别为1.865,4.603,1.643,11.445,4.114,4.740,3.936,2.765)。结论该项研究发现了多种与自然流产有关的个人因素及职业因素。为此,石化企业女工必须加强优生优育知识的宣传和普及,妊娠期应调离接触有害职业因素的工作岗位,加强孕期保健,以利于维护生殖健康,提高下一代人口素质。

[Objective]To understand the factors influencing spontaneous abortion among female workers in petrochemical enterprises,and provide scientific evidence for developing control measures and reducing the spontaneous abortion prevalence.[Methods]Matched case-control study was adopted in the study.A respective survey was conducted on 156 female workers in a large petrochemical enterprise of Nanjing who had spontaneously abortion in recent 3 years by trained investigator.Fertile married women who had physical examination in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention matched for age with 1：1 ratio were selected as control group.The same questionnaire was adopted in both control group and case group.[Results] The analysis of multiple logistic regression indicated that monthly income of family,menses,pets,work intensity,benzene and benzene homologues,heavy metal,seniority,noise and vibration had significant correlation with spontaneous abortion among female workers..Monthly income of family was protection factor,but menses,pets,work intensity,benzene and benzene homologues,heavy metal,seniority,noise and vibration were risk factors（the OR were 1.865,4.603,1.643,11.445,4.114,4.740,3.936,2.765,respectively）.[Conclusion]This study had identified many kinds of factors correlated with spontaneous abortion among female workers.In order to improve the reproductive health and population quality of next generation,more health education of healthy childbearing should be improved and petrochemical enterprise female workers should leave job with occupational hazards exposure in the period of pregnancy.