广西壮族自治区狂犬病流行病学分析与预防控制措施

Epidemiological analysis and control measures of rabies in Guangxi

近年来,广西狂犬病病例数量逐年减少,但报告病例的地区明显增多。夏季和秋季是狂犬病高发季节;发病人群以农民为主,其次是学生和散居儿童;犬伤病例占85.2%,暴露后规范处置率低;2006—2009年广西集市所售家犬狂犬病毒阳性率为1.12%。暴露后处置未能规范实行、大量健康犬带毒是广西狂犬病高发的两个重要因素;犬密度高、农村地区犬免疫率以及群众狂犬病防治知识薄弱,也是广西狂犬病的高发因素。加强犬只管理、加强预防狂犬病的健康教育、提高动物致伤后伤口正确处理率及免疫接种率是当前遏制狂犬病高发的关键措施。

In the recent years, the number of rabies cases has decreased year by year in Guangxi, but the regions where the rabies case were reported has increased obviously. The peak season of rabies was summer and autumn. Most of patients were farmers, fol- lowed by students and scattered children. 85.2% of cases were attacked by dogs, and the rate of post-exposure prophylaxis { PEP） was low. The positive rate of rabies virus of dogs in markets of Guangxi was 1.12% during 2006-2009. The main causes of high in- cidence of rabies in Guangxi were unsuccessful and inadequate PEP of patients and high carried rate of rabies virus in healthy dogs. The high density and low immunization of dogs in rural areas, and poor knowledge about rabies prevention were also the factors leading to high incidence of rabies in Guangxi. The effective measures for preventing and controlling rabies are strengthening the management of dogs and health education, as well as improving the rate of correct treatment after exposure and immunization cover- age rate.