上海市实习护生锐器伤现状调查与分析

Survey and analysis of sharp instrument injury of student nurses in Shanghai

目的了解上海市实习护生发生锐器伤的现状，探讨有效的防护措施，为制定相关预防对策提供依据。方法自行设计问卷对3所上海市三级甲等综合医院的200名实习护生锐器伤发生情况进行调查。问卷的内容效度为0．959，信度为0．923。结果发生锐器伤者128人，发生率64％；锐器伤发生主要环节是操作前的掰安瓿；82．8％的护生被锐器伤后未能逐级上报；发生锐器伤之前防护教育率为86．5％；不同医院、学历、防护教育者锐器伤的发生情况差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论护生防护教育依从性不高。锐器伤发生的时间、地点、种类、环节等具有一定的分布特点，可以通过教育干预和完善护生锐器伤管理和报告制度进行有效预防。

Objective To understand the situation of sharp instrument injury of student nurses in Shanghai, in order to discuss effective preventive measures and provide reference. Methods Self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 200 nursing students from 3 tertiary general hospitals in Shanghai of their sharp instrument injuries. The content validity of questionnaire was 0. 959 and the reliability was O. 923. Results 128 nurse students suffered from sharp instrument injuries with the rate of 64%. Most of all injuries occurred in opining the ampoules during preparing process. 82.8% injuries had not been reported and 86.5% student nurses had no education about prevention before injuries. There was no difference of sharp instrument injuries between different hospitals and student nurses with different educational degrees （P 〉 0. 05 ）. Conclusions Student nurses have lower compliance of protective education. The time, place, kind and node of sharp instrument injuries have some distributive features, which means that those injuries can be effectively prevented by education, management and reporting system.