从俗曲到北管——明清俗曲与泉州北管关联研究

From Su Quto Bei Guan:Study on Su Quin Ming and Qing Dynasties and on Related Quanzhou Bei Guan

北管又名北曲、小曲、细曲、曲仔,是流传于泉州地区的一种地方音乐,与台湾北管一脉相承;通常被认为是江淮一带的民歌,通过多种渠道流传到泉州后,受闽南与莆仙交汇区语言声腔的制约而形成的一种新乐种。但笔者在研究中发现,北管唱曲的风格与形式并不同于一般的民歌,无论从音乐形态或是构词格律上看,都与明清俗曲有着一定的渊源。文章试从曲牌名、曲词、曲调、音乐表现形态等几个方面对北管与明清俗曲的关联进行对比研究,并对泉州北管在传播过程中的相关问题提出新的见解与探讨,希望为追溯北管的源流提供参考。

Bei Guan,coming down from the same origin with Taiwan Bei Guan,also named Bei Qu,Xiao Qu,Xi Qu and Qu Zai,is a music genre spreading in Quanzhou area.It is commonly considered as originating from Jiang Huai folk songs,which spread to Quanzhou and conditioned by the language tune of Min Nan and Puxian dialects to form a new music genre.My research,however,is trying to illustrate that the style and form of Bei Guan singing music are different from those of folk songs in general sense.Bei Guan,considered of both its music and lyric pattern,is closely related to Su Qu in Ming and Qing Dynasties.This article makes a comparison between Bei Guan and Su Qu in Ming and Qing Dynasties on aspects of the name,lyric,melody and expressive pattern of Qu,and gives some new ideas about the spreading process of Quanzhou Bei Guan.