莎士比亚戏剧剧场观演关系的独特性与戏剧幻觉

Illusion and Audience Response in Shakespearean Theatre

戏剧与剧场之间存在一个相互依存又互相作用的关系,作为戏剧得以展开的场所,剧场不但记录了戏剧这一"强化的瞬间",甚至决定着戏剧的样式以及戏剧幻觉的生成,这主要表现在对观演关系的规约之上。莎士比亚戏剧剧场形制独特,主要表现在观众三面环绕的伸出式舞台、观众视线的导向、互视现象和剧场的商业因素几个方面,这决定了剧场中观众与演出、观众与观众之间的交流具有独特性,从而决定了莎士比亚戏剧与戏剧幻觉生成机制的独特性。

Drama and theater are interdependent and interacting with each other. Theater, as the space for performance and viewing, not only records the ＂highlighted moment＂ of drama, but also determines the style of drama and the mechanism of theatrical illusion. The key element is the relationship between performance and audience produced by the particular thrust stage theater of Shakespeare＇s time. In Shakespeare＇s time, the thrust stage extends into the audience on three sides, the directions of audience＇s view enabling the audience to see one another, as well as the performers. Besides, the operation of Shakespearean theater was commercial. Hence the uniqueness of the communication between audience and performers, and the communication among audience is formed. Therefore, the conformation of theater determines the style of drama and the uniqueness of Shakespearean theatre and the mechanism of theatre illusion as well.