贾岛姚合诗风成因初探

A Tentative Study of the Origins of the Poetic Styles of Jia Dao and Yao He

中唐时代的贾岛、姚合两位诗人因交谊密切、诗风类似而被后世并称为“姚贾”。由于成因不同 ,两人的诗风是同中有异的。贾出身僧人 ,数十年困于场屋 ,故心境抑郁颓废 ,又受到韩孟诗派追求奇险审美意趣之影响 ,其诗便常于深沉哀怨中回旋拗峭不平之气。姚虽沉沦下僚 ,颇感寂寞无聊 ,却养成喜爱山林闲适生活的性格 ,故其诗透露的是高人隐士清静无为的避世情绪 ,与元白诗坛的闲适浅易情趣有相同之处。

Mid-Tang-Dynasty poets Jia Dao and Yao He are mentioned together by later generations as Yao and Jia on account of their closeness of friendship and similarity of poetic styles. Yet their styles show difference in similarity as they differ in origin. Jia was a Buddhist monk who had become despondent and melancholy after dozens of years' failure in imperial examinations. This, in conjunction with the influence of the aesthetic taste for the strange and perilous of the Han Yu and Meng Hao ran school, lends his poetry an indignation that swirls under profound sadness. On the other hand, Yao though feeling lonely and dull at the bottom of society, developed a liking for the leisurely life in mountains and forests, which infuses his poetry with the escapist sentiment of a noble hermit who banishes all desires and worries from his mind, similar to the leisurely and simple sentiment of the poetry of the Yuan Zhen and Bai Ju yi school.