“文史互证”方法与魏晋南北朝史研究

The Method of "Mutual Verification Between Literature and History" and the Study of the History of the Wei-Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties

“文史互证”是源于传统的训诂考据学方法而参以宋代以来的史学方法以及近代西方史学、语言学、诠释学理论精华的一种既打通汉宋，又融合中西的史学研究方法。此方法之于魏晋南北朝史研究的意义，主要在于史料之拓展和解读之深入。魏晋南北朝诗文的史料价值，大致有二：一，在政治、思想、文化、社会风习、个人生活等方面，可补正史之阙。二，大量个人情感心态成分本身即构成当时历史的一个侧面。用此时期诗文证史，在解读时应做到：一，能感之。“其所感较深者，其所通解亦必较多”。二，对作者其人其文，“具了解之同情”。其三，对诗文典故，要按陈先生的原则，仔细而审慎地考辩其中之古典今典，分析论证解释其真正意义所在。

In his academic research, Prof. Chen Yin-he used to cite literary works and historical records to help to interpret each other. This is called the method of 'mutual verification between literature and history'. It is the mixture of the methods in ancient Chinese learning and the modern Western principles. The method is of great significance in the study of the Wei-Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. That is to say, it helps scholars to enlarge their range of historical materials and deepen their understand- ing of history. The literary works reflect the political, intellectual, cultural, social and personal situations in this period. If we quote literary works as evidence of historical study, we will first he touched by the emotions in the works. We must comprehend the writers and the writings in the historical context. At last, we must distinguish between 'Gu-Dian' (ancient classics) and 'Jin Dian' (modern classics) in literary works and explain the real meaning of these works.