不同覆盖处理对花生病害及产量的影响

Effects of different mulching cultivation treatments on diseases and yield of peanut

为探索覆盖栽培对花生病害的防控效果和产量效应,以普通裸地栽培为对照,研究了草木灰加地膜覆盖、地膜覆盖和草木灰覆盖等不同覆盖处理对花生病害及其产量的影响。结果表明:草木灰加地膜覆盖处理平均产量达3 874.07 kg/hm2,比裸地栽培处理(CK)增产17.53%,达极显著水平;地膜覆盖处理平均产量为3 629.63 kg/hm2,比裸地栽培处理(CK)增产10.11%,达极显著水平;草木灰覆盖处理平均产量为3 444.44 kg/hm2,比裸地栽培处理(CK)增产4.49%,未达显著水平。青枯病田间发病率,草木灰加地膜覆盖处理、地膜覆盖处理分别为7.33%和10.00%,比裸地栽培处理(CK)分别提高9.34、6.67个百分点;各处理花生锈病介于2.1～2.3级之间、叶斑病介于2.5～2.6级之间,对锈病或叶斑病不同处理间差异均不明显。可见,采用草木灰加地膜双料覆盖栽培、地膜单料覆盖栽培两种栽培方式,均可有效控制花生青枯病、提高花生产量,且以草木灰加地膜双料覆盖栽培方式为佳。

In order to explore the effects of mulching on peanut diseases control and yield,we designed conventional cultivation treatment as control and studied four different mulching cultivation treatments on diseases and yield of peanut.The results showed that： the plant ash with film mulching cultivation treatment gave an average yield of 3 874.07 kg/hm2,out-yielded the control by 17.53%,and the yield increase rate reached extremely significant level;The plastic film mulching cultivation treatment gave an average yield of 3 629.63 kg/hm2,out-yielded the control by 10.11%,and the yield increase rate reached extremely significant level;The plant ash mulching cultivation treatment gave an average yield of 3 444.44 kg/hm2,out-yielded the control by 4.49%,but the yield increase rate didn＇t reach significant level.The results of the percentage of bacterial wilt in the field were that： the ratio of plant ash with film mulching cultivation treatment and plastic film mulching cultivation treatment was 7.33% and 10.00% respectively,lower than conventional cultivation treatment（CK）.Compared with CK（16.67%）,they decreased by 9.34 and 6.67 percentage points respectively;For each treatment,the respective morbidity level of peanut rust and leaf spot disease ranged 2.1~2.3,2.5~2.6,respectively,There was no significant distinction in different treatments.It was demonstrated that using plant ash with film mulching cultivation and plastic film mulching cultivation could effectively controlled peanut bacterial wilt disease and increased peanut yield.Plant ash with film mulching cultivation was the best cultivation pattern for peanut.