万物有灵和祖先崇拜——中国彝族与日本灵魂观比较

Animism and Ancestor Worship ——A Comparative Study on Yi’s and Japan’s Soul Beliefs

日本的神道教和彝族的原始宗教都是以万物有灵和祖先崇拜为基础,承认灵魂的多元性、永久性、功利性等。在现实生活中,彝族重视家支、家族,日本人也是集体意识很强的民族,这种意识受灵魂观的影响,但形成的原因不同。彝族认为灵魂在人未诞生前就已经存在,把灵魂看作是人的根本;而日本在人死后才重视灵魂,这体现了日本人独特的依赖心理。同时,这两种宗教和中国道教都有很深的渊源。

Japanese Shinto and the primitive religion of Yi nationality are both founded on Animism and Ancestor Worship,which acknowledge the plurality,permanency and utility of Soul.In real life,under the impact of respective soul beliefs,Yi people greatly value Jia Zhi（a unique paternal clan system of Y）i and families and Japanese is also a nation with strong collective consciousness.While Yi people believe in the pre-birth existence of soul as the essence of human beings,Japanese regard the post-death soul as significant,which reflects their unique interdependence psyche.Despite differences,both soul beliefs are indebted to Taoism.