试析赫鲁晓夫在古巴部署核导弹的动机与决策——写在古巴导弹危机爆发50周年之际

赫鲁晓夫在古巴部署苏联核导弹是出于意识形态和地缘政治方面的两种动机:捍卫革命的古巴并使其成为拉丁美洲其他国家的革命榜样;缩小同美国在战略导弹方面的差距。出于维护赫鲁晓夫在国际共产主义运动中领导地位的考虑,苏联同美国在欧洲的争夺也对赫鲁晓夫的最后决策产生了不同程度的影响。共产党人的世界观和世界革命的理念则是赫鲁晓夫一切外交行动及其动机的基础和根源。赫鲁晓夫在古巴部署导弹的决策过程,缺乏充分的讨论和科学的论证,是没有根据和脱离现实的主观主义的产物。

Nikita Khrushchev placed the Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba out of two kinds of motives: one was to defend the Cuban revolution and making it a revolutionary example for other countries in Latin America; another was to narrow the gap in strategic missile between the United States and the Soviet Union. At the same time,the competition between the Soviet Union and the United States in Europe also influenced Khrushchev’s final decision. Communist world outlook and the concept of the world revolution were the foundation of Khrushchev’s all diplomatic activities and motivation. There was no serious discussions and scientific reasoning in Khrushchev’s decision of placing the missile in Cuba,it was a kind of the outcome of subjectivism disconnected from reality.