日本关于商业秘密构成要件的认定

The Recognition of the Composed Elements of Trade Secret in Japan

根据日本法律的规定,商业秘密必须要满足"非公知性"、"有用性"及"管理性"三个基本构成要件,本文主要结合大阪地裁关于"陶瓷电容器积层机的电子数据"一案的判决来解析在日本司法实践中对商业秘密上述三个要件的规定。判断"非公知性"要件时,日本法院主要考虑"秘密信息的相对性和整体性";判断"有用性"要件时,日本法院则考虑其经济价值性和公序良俗性;判断"管理性"要件时,日本法院从是否控制接触信息、是否规定保密义务,以及是否对商业秘密进行区分三方面进行考虑。而上述三个要件的内容实质上都没有超出《TRIPS协定》对商业秘密的规定。

In Japanese law,trade secret must contain three composed elements, which are confidentiality, serviceability and manageability. Combined with the rule in Osaka on the ＂electronic data of ceramic capacitor laminated machine＂ case, this paper analyses how to define the above three elements of trade secret in Japanese legal practice. The Japanese courts mainly consider ＂the relativity and integrity of the secret information＂ while judging the element of confidentiality, and consider the economical value and social conventions of the trade secret while judging the element of serviceability, and while judging the element of manageability, the Japanese courts would consider that whether the access to the trade secret is hindered, whether the duty of confidentiality is provided and whether the trade secret is classified. As a matter of fact, the contents of the above three elements are all within the orovisions of TRIPS aexeement on trade secret.