翘嘴鲌(♀)和黑尾近红鲌(♂)杂交F_1的胚胎发育和胚后发育观察

Embryonic and postembryonic development of hybrid between Ancherythroculter nigrocauda(♂) and Culter alburnus(♀)

以丹江口翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)(♀)和池养第4代的黑尾近红鲌(Ancherythroculter nigrocauda)(♂)为亲本进行远缘杂交,经人工催产、人工授精得到受精卵并能正常发育获得杂交鲌子一代个体。对杂交鲌胚胎及胚后发育过程及各个发育时期外部形态特征进行观察。结果发现:受精卵近圆形,淡黄色,直径0.86～0.95mm,受精后1h40min,吸水膨胀,卵径可达1.0～1.3mm;发育过程可分为7个阶段:受精卵胚盘形成阶段、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠胚阶段、神经胚阶段、器官形成阶段和出膜阶段,并进一步分为29个发育分期;水温在24～25℃范围内,受精40min后开始第1次卵裂,受精后26h大部分仔鱼发育完毕,刚出膜的仔鱼全长为4.50～5.05mm,发育总积温为647.7℃.h;胚后发育过程分为仔鱼和稚鱼2个阶段:仔鱼阶段为从出膜至腹鳍形成阶段,历时288h,稚鱼阶段为从腹鳍形成至鳞片长齐的阶段,历时240h。刚出膜的仔鱼无游泳能力,鱼体透明,出膜后104h仔鱼能平游,且仔鱼口裂明显,具备摄食能力并开始摄食。

The hybridizations between Ancherythroculter nigrocauda （ ♀ ） and Culter alburnus （ ♂） were carried out in July, 2010, and the embryonic and postembryonic development of the hybrid were ob- served and described. The results showed that：the fertilized eggs had a light yellow surface, a sphere-like form and a diameter of 0. 86-0. 95 mm. The progress of embryonic development is composed of 7 stages： one cell stage, cleavage stage, blastula stage, neumla stage, gastrula stage, apparatus-forming stage and Hatching-out stage,and each of them can be divided further into 29 periods. At water temperature of 24- 25 ℃, the first cleavage occurred at 40 min after fertilization（af） ; most of larvae hatched out at 26 h af, when the total length of the new-hatched larvae ranged from 4. 50 to 5.05 mm and the accumulative temperature reached 647. 7 ℃ h. Postembryonie development of hybrid is consisted of larvae phase and juvenile phase. The larvae developed into juveniles at 288 h after hatching with ventral fin differentiated. Juvenile phase sustained 240 h during which scales emerged and covered the fish surface. The new- hatched larvae can not swim until a one-chambered gas bladder appeared at 104 h after hatching, mean- while larvae began to feed exogenously.