两个山丘型疫区牛血吸虫病疫情动态纵向观察

Longitudinal observation of epidemic dynamics of schistosomiasis in bovine in two mountainous endemic regions

目的了解山丘型血吸虫病疫区牛血吸虫病流行动态,为正确评估防治效果、制订防控对策提供参考依据。方法选择两个有代表性的山丘型疫区仁美和大仓作为观察点,采用毛蚴孵化法检查牛血吸虫感染情况,比较不同年龄牛感染率;入户调查家畜放牧行为,每年4、9月调查野粪和钉螺分布及感染率。结果与1993年比较,2007年仁美和大仓观察点牛血吸虫感染率分别下降98.4%和93.8%;感染度亦呈下降态势,至2007年基本以低感染度为主。1995年以后仁美观察点野粪阳性率为0,大仓点至2007年处于较低徘徊状态;活螺密度和阳性螺密度呈下降趋势。结论山丘型血吸虫病流行区由于自然环境特殊,疫区往往呈点状或带状分布,加大查治病和扩大化疗力度可迅速降低血吸虫病疫情。要彻底阻断血吸虫病传播还必须加强钉螺孳生环境改造和家畜血吸虫病传染源管理。

Objective To understand the endemic situation dynamics of schistosomiasis in domestic animals（mainly bovine） in mountainous endemic regions,so as to provide the reference for evaluating the control effect and improving control strategy.Methods Two representative pilots（Renmei and Dacang） in mountainous schistosomiasis endemic regions were selected for survey.The schistosome infection status of bovine was investigated by the miracidium hatching method,the pasture of bovine were investigated by home visiting,and the distributions of wild feces and Oncomelania snails,and the snail schistosome infection status were also investigated in April and September every year.Results The schistosome infection rates of bovine reduced by 98.4% and 93.8% in two pilots in 2007 compared with those in 1993,and the infection intensities also showed a decline trend.The infection rate of wild faces was 0 in Renmei pilot since 1995,while in Dacang pilot,the infection rate of wild feces fluctuated in 2007,and the intensities of living snails and infected snails showed a declined trend.Conclusions Due to the special natural environment of mountainous endemic regions,there is a dot-like or band-like distribution of endemic areas.The strengthening of schistosomiasis examination and chemotherapy will rapidly reduce endemic situation.However,to completely interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis,we should emphasize environmental modification and domestic animal management