论行政诉讼起诉期限的适用范围——以行政诉讼类型化为视角

On the Scope of Application about the Limitation of Actions——In the View of the Litigation Types

行政诉讼的起诉期限是比照民法上的除斥期间和诉讼法上的上诉期间进行设计和变造的,在性质上属于程序法上的法定期间,不能中断或者中止,特殊情况下才可申请延长或扣除被耽误的时间。起诉期限规定仅与行政诉讼中特定的诉讼类型相关,域外立法普遍针对行政机关作出的行政决定、命令规定了较民事普通诉讼时效短得多的行政撤销诉讼(司法审查)的普通起诉期限;而其他诉讼类型均未规定提起诉讼应当适用起诉期限的规定。我国现行立法关于起诉期限的规定具有撤销诉讼一体主义的特征,应从诉讼类型的角度完善起诉期限的规定。具体而言,撤销诉讼继续适用现行立法规定的起诉期限;由于拒绝行为产生的给付诉讼也应当适用起诉期限的规定,而消极不作为给付诉讼可以考虑适用公法上请求权的消灭时效(诉讼时效)或者权利失效制度予以规范;确认诉讼不需要规定起诉期限,而是通过诉的利益和确认诉讼的补充性规则防止原告滥用诉权。

The limitation of actions of the administrative litigation system comes from the limitation and the term of appeal.It belongs to the legal time,and it can't be ceased,or interrupted,and can be extended in some conditions.The limitation of actions relates to litigation types.Many foreign countries provide a shorter time on limitation of actions to revocation litigation,while there is no limitation of actions to the other litigation types.We should perfect the limitation of actions in Chinese administrative litigation law from the view of litigation types.Particularly,the limitation of actions of the administrative litigation law should be applicable to the revocation litigation and the payment lawsuit because of rejection.The negative prescription should be applicable to the claims to inaction.There is no limitation of actions to confirming lawsuit.