论近代中国的新乌托邦──平等与效率完美统一社会理想的演变及其影响

On the New-Utopia in Modern China

中国古代的理想国都是纯粹的农业乌托邦。进人近代社会以后，追求平等与效率完美统一的工业乌托邦逐步形成，取代了古代的农业理想国。平等与效率的统一是人类理应追求的目标，但二者的完美统一却永远只能是美好的理想，强为实现的结果必然是效率的消解。在中国近现代历史上，这种新乌托邦始终是众多志士仁人的理想，对中国社会产生了极为深远的影响。

In ancient China, all the Utopias were completely agricultural ones. In modem society, industrial Utopia-the unity of equality and efficiency-gradually took shape and replaced ancient agricultural ones. The unity of equality and efficiency is the target that human beings should pursue, but their perfect unity will always be the glorious ideal. To realize the unity will inevitably reduce efficiency. In modern Chinese history, people with lofty ideals continuously sought to build up this kind of new Utopia, which had extremely profound influence upon Chinese society.