利用SSR技术对部分核桃品种(系)亲缘关系分析研究

Research on Phylogenetic Relationship of Part of Walnut Varieties(Strain) by SSR Technique

[目的]利用SSR技术研究部分核桃品种(系)的亲缘关系。[方法]以核桃叶片为材料,用筛选出的多态性SSR引物对16个核桃品种的基因组DNA进行扩增,并进行聚类分析。[结果]试验筛选出了10对多态性较好的SSR引物,共扩增出51个不同条带,每对引物扩增出的DNA条带数为3～9条,大小在100～300 bp之间。遗传分析表明,16个核桃品种(系)间的遗传距离为0.090 9～0.998 5,且聚类分析表明,所有供试品种可分为3类:第1类包括绿波、辽核2号、辽核4号、辽核5号、辽核1号、辽核7号、津核1号、陕核5号、龙海、津核7号、津核4号11个品种(系),从亲本来源来看多数为新疆薄皮核桃与河北薄皮核桃的后代,尤其是津核1号与辽系核桃亲缘关系最近;第2类包括津核5号、津核6号2个品系,第3类包括津核3号、津核2号、麻姜3个品系。[结论]该研究为核桃地方品种分子生物学、群体遗传学和育种的进一步研究提供了一定的理论依据。

[ Objective ] The aim was to study the phylogenetic relationship on the part of varieties （strain） of walnut by SSR technique. [ Method ] Using the leaves of walnut as materials, genomic DNA of 16 kinds of walnut species was amplified by the screened polymorphic SSR primers, and then clustering analysis was done. [ Result ] 10 pairs of high polymorphic primers were screened in this study and 5 l different bands were amplified, with 3 to 9 bands of each pair of primers and 100 to 300 bp of each band. The genetic analysis showed that, the genetic distances between the 16 walnut varieties （strain） were 0.090 9 - 0.998 5, and the cluster analysis showed that, all the varieties could be di- vided into 3 categories ： the fi^t categories includes the varieties （strain） of Lvbo, Liaohe No. 2, Liaohe No. 4, Liaohe No. 5, Liaohe No. 1, Liaohe No. 7, Jinhe No. 1, Shanhe No. 5, Longhai, Jinhe No. 7, Jinhe No. 4, and most of them were the offspring of Xinjiang and Hebei thin- skinned walnut species according to the test the source of parents, especially Jinhe No. 1 and Liao walnut species had the closet genetic rela- tionship ; the second categories included the varieties （strain） of Jinhe No. 5 and Jinhe No. 6 ; the third categories included the varieties （strain） of Jinhe No. 3, Jinhe No. 2 and Majiang. [ Conclusion] It provided a certain theory basis for the further study of molecular biology, population genetics and breeding research of local walnut species.