贵州地区节水灌溉对小麦生长状况和水分利用情况的影响

Effects of the Water-saving Irrigation on Wheat's Growth Status and Water Use Efficiency

[目的]探求适合贵州地区的小麦节水灌溉制度,以高效利用农田水资源。[方法]在小麦各个生育期设计不同的土壤含水率上下限值,通过大田露地及测坑试验测定了不同水分处理下的小麦产量及水分生产率。[结果]小麦对缺水的敏感性,是开花期大于产量形成期,产量形成期大于营养生长期;小麦水分生产率随着灌水量的增加而减小;小麦的产量和灌水定额呈明显的二次抛物线型关系,当灌水量小于某一临界值时,产量会随着水量的增加而增加,但当超过临界值之后,产量反而会随着水量的增加而减少。[结论]该研究成果可为贵州省水利灌溉工程规划设计、大型灌区节水改造建设、集雨灌溉工程、水资源评价和优化配置、防旱抗旱、黔中枢纽工程农业用水量分析及各受益区配水量分析等提供科学依据。

[ Objective ] To bring up some theory index, and supply some reference for the efficient utilization of in＇igation water resources in midland of Guizhou Province. [ Method ] An upper and lower limit value for the water content of soil in different vegetation period of wheat were designed, water productivity and yield under different water condition were determined according to the open air and survey-pit test. [ Re- sult ] The result showed that the most sensitive period to hydropenia of wheat was a florescence, grain-filling period secondly, vegetative period thirdly ; the water productivity decreased with the increasing of the water volume ; there were parabola relationship between yield and volume of water, while the water volume was less than the definite value, the wheat yield increased with the increasing of the water volume, while the wa- ter volume was more than the definite value, the yield decreased. [ Conclusion] These study might provide some scientific clew for program- ming and design of irrigation project, water-saving construction of large irrigation area, irrigation scheme, evaluation and optimization scheme of water resources, flood control and drought relief, analyzing of agriculture water consumption in midland of Guizhou Province.