水资源系统模型的数学形式及其运用方法

Mathematical Model of Water Resources System and Its Application

提出一种新型水资源系统模型,它由所有节点水均衡线性方程组构成。每个节点的水均衡均有上游节点参与,这就使系统结构得以表达,并把所有要素连接成了一个整体。用线性规划求解这个模型,可以在设定目标要求下,得到各节点、各输水线路上水量的最优分布。为了保证供水的可持续,通过模型运行,调整水库的权函数,取得各水库的蓄水量过程线,并籍此编制出调度图来控制各时段供水。该模型还可做进一步应用拓展,比如针对远距离输水时使用,设计了分块错时计算方法;可以与地下水模型写为一体,打开了一条联合调度新路。该模型便于普及,可在水资源管理、规划、配置诸工作中应用。

A new mathematical model of water resources system is introduced, which consists of the linear equations of water balance at all nodes. The water balance at each node is affected by those at upstream nodes, which fulfills a complete expression of the system structure and connects all the elements together. Based on the set objectives, the model can be solved using linear programming to obtain the optimal distribution of water quantity at each node and each water conveyance line. In order to guar-antee the sustainable water supply, the model can adjust the weight function of the reservoir and obtain the storage process line of the reservoir, which can be used to establish the operation chart to control the water supply at each time period. The applica- tion of the model can be further expanded such as designing the method of block and calculation in different time for the use of long-distance water transfer. The model can also be combined with groundwater model to open up a new idea of joint operation. The model is easy to operate and can be applied in water management, water planning, and water allocation.