河流中污染物迁移转化模型研究进展

Research Progress on Transport and Transformation Model of River Pollutants

从数学特性角度分类,河流污染物的迁移转化模型可分为确定与非确定性模型,并正经历着由确定性模型向非确定性模型发展的转变。从确定与非确定性两个方面对国内外河流水质模型进行了总结和分析,并着重介绍了WASP、QUAL、RMA4等确定性模型和随机模型、灰箱模型、神经网络算法等非确定性模型的原理及其在国内的应用。针对河流中某个特定污染体系(如底泥、潜流带)或某类污染物(如重金属、石油类、营养物质等)的迁移转化模型也有大量研究成果。河流污染物迁移转化模型的未来发展趋势将是模糊数学和不确定性分析技术的应用,与人工神经网络和GIS的结合,状态变量和组分数量的增加,以及三维数学模型的发展。

The river pollutants transport and transformation models, which can be classified as deterministic and non determinis-tic from the perspective of mathematical characteristics, are undergoing a transition from deterministic to non-deterministic. Water quality models research at home and abroad were summarized and analyzed from the two types. The principles and appli- cations in China of such models as WASP, QUAL, RMA4 for deterministic and stochastic model, grey system theory, neural network algorithm for non-deterministic were emphatically reviewed. There are also a large amount of research achievements for transport and transformation model of some specific pollution system （such as bed sediment, phreatic zone） and some kind of pollutants （such as heavy metal, petroleum, nutrients, et al. ） in river. The future development trends will include applica-tion of fuzzy mathematics and uncertainty analysis technology, integration of artificial neural network and GIS, increased state variables and component quantity, and development of three dimensional mathematical model.