“栽桑-养蚕-种菇”生态模式初探

Study on “Mulberry growing-silkworm rising-mushroom cultivating” agricultural ecological model

我国传统的蚕业中存在栽桑和养蚕两大生产体系,但是在养蚕过程中存在着大量的以桑枝为代表的废弃物,这些废弃物远远超出了蚕茧产品本身的数量,桑枝利用已经成为蚕业发展的新的产业。桑枝食用菌不仅可消耗掉这些废弃物并且可生物转化生产食用菌和肥料,而且栽桑-种菇的经济效益更高,补充了食用菌种植的原料来源。经过对栽桑-种菇的研究和总结,提出了"栽桑-养蚕-种菇"三结合的蚕桑生产模式、"夏蚕-冬菇"的生态模式、"二菇二蚕(冬夏种菇-春秋养蚕)"的生态模式、桑树-食用菌间作套种、以及桑枝食用菌的周年生产模式,并且在广东省进行示范技术中试,为蚕区蚕桑综合利用提供了新的模式和发展方向。

There are mulberry planting and silk production systems in our traditional sericuhure, but in the process of silkworm rising exist a large amount of mulberry branches to produce for the waste, the amount of these waste is far beyond the silk product itself, the utilization of mulberry branch has became a new industry except sericulture. Mulberry edible fungus industry is not only a method to consume these wastes and bio-convert to mushroom and fertilizers, and the economic benefit for mulberry mushroom maybe more than silk rising and the mulberry is a supplementary resource of raw materials for mushroom cultivation. After many years of experiments, we summarized and presented the ＂mulberry-silkworm-mushroom＂ combination sericulture production mode, the ecological model of ＂summer silkworm-winter mushrooms＂, ＂two mushrooms and two silkworm （summer and winter mushroom cultivation, and spring and autumn silkworm）＂ ecological model, intercropping of mulberry-edible mushrooms, as well as the anniversary cultivation of the mulberry edible fungus model. The demonstration for those models in Guangdong province from different areas for several years, the technologies and practices provide new effects for for silkworm district in sericuhure comprehensive utilizatio