上海市滩涂湿地土壤质量评价

Assessment and research of soil quality in Shanghai tidal marshes

以上海3大类型滩涂湿地为研究对象,在对养分质量和环境质量评价的基础上,采用土壤质量指数法(SQI)综合评价滩涂土壤质量,同时拟定质量分级标准,并对其现状及特征进行分析。结果表明:除杭州湾北沿、南汇、九段沙较低外,其他区域的土壤养分质量差异不显著;大陆边滩重金属污染程度较岛屿周缘边滩严重;土壤综合质量指数排序为:九段沙湿地>崇明东滩>南汇边滩>崇明岛周缘边滩>横沙岛周缘边滩>浦东边滩>宝山边滩>长兴岛周缘边滩>杭州湾北沿边滩。其中,九段沙湿地和崇明东滩土壤质量最佳,属III级;其次是南汇、崇明岛周缘、横沙岛周缘边滩,属IV级;而长兴岛、浦东、宝山、杭州湾北沿边滩则属于V级。

Tidal marshes in Shanghai was studied in this paper, including tidal marshes in mainland,islands and shoal in Yangtze estuary. Based on the assessment of soil nutrient and soil environmental quality respectively, the soil in tidal marshes was evaluated comprehensively with adopting soil quality index （SQI） method, and also made the soil quality grading standards of tidal marshes in Shanghai with five grades, and analyzed present situation and characteristic. The results showed that the soil nutrient quality in Hangzhou bay beach, Nanhui beach and Jiuduansha was low, and there was no significant difference in other areas, but the environmental pollution in tidal marshes of mainland was more serious than those of islands; the order of soil quality index （SQI） ranked from high to low was Jiuduansha wetland, Chongming Dongtan, Nanhui beach, Chongming beach, Hengsha beach, Pudong beach, Baoshan beach, Changxing beach and Hangzhou bay beach, Soil quality in Jiuduansha and Chongming Dongtan was best, belonging to Ⅲ grade; the Nanhui beach, Chongming beach and Hengsha beach were belonged to Ⅳ grade; and Changxing beach, Pudong beach, Baoshan beach and Hangzhou bay beach were belonged to Ⅴ grade.