刑事司法信息公开制度建构初探——以国际刑事法院相关实践为视角

Information Disclosure System for Criminal Justice based on ICC Case Study

刑事司法信息公开是宪法权利的必然要求。狭义的司法信息包括司法制度信息、司法行政信息、管辖范围内的案件诉讼信息以及各类统计数据,而广义的司法信息还包括司法机关履行司法职责以外的有关信息。刑事司法信息可以分为私益信息和公益信息、主动公开信息和依申请公开信息、主观信息和客观信息、保密信息、受限信息和非限定信息。国际刑事法院建立了完善的司法信息公开体制,具有信息公开方式多元化、信息公开内容广泛性、信息公开管理缜密性、被害人信息公开特殊化的特征。在新《刑事诉讼法》的司法解释中,要全面落实并强化诉讼参与人的法定知情权以及附随权利,通过财政专项拨款支持司法机关开展信息公开化条件建设,并建立公开信息审查与救济制度。

Information disclosure for criminal justice is the inevitable request of constitutional rights. The judicial information in narrow sense includes those of system, judicial administration, litigation in jurisdiction and all kinds of statistics data, while the judicial information in broad sense also includes other judicial responsibilities. The criminal judicial information can be divided into the following categories ： private-benefit VS public-benefit, initiative VS applying, subjective VS objective, and secret VS limited VS open. The International Criminal Court （ICC） has set up a perfect information disclosure system for criminal justice, which has four characters as follows： multiple methods, extensive contents, strict administration and specialized victim information. As regards our country, it is imperative to ensure legal rights of litigation participants, and at the same time budgets should be appropriated for judicial organs to support information disclosure for criminal justice, and establish censor and relief system.