海洛因依赖者艾滋病高危行为及其性别差异调查

Survey of HIV high risk behavior and gender difference among heroin dependents in Shanghai

目的了解海洛因依赖者艾滋病病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)高危行为特征的性别差异。方法对上海市3个劳教戒毒场所和上海市自愿戒毒中心共计466例海洛因依赖者进行访谈。访谈内容包括HIV高危行为、HIV检测及预防活动等。结果 HIV高危行为较普遍,包括"曾与人共用注射器"(26.3%)、"≥3个性伴"(24.0%)等;HIV检测意愿较低,很有可能"未来1年内做HIV检测"的仅占6.7%;男性多项高危行为包括"与人共用注射器比例"、"一生共有性伴数目"、"1年共有性伴数目"、"3个月内共有性伴数目"、"≥3个性伴"、"≥2个性伴中偶然性伴数"、"性生活中曾有口交"、"性生活中曾有肛交"的比例均高于女性(P<0.05);女性海洛因依赖者"做过HIV检测","认为参加HIV教育活动有意义"的比例高于男性(P<0.05)。结论男女海洛因依赖者在HIV高危行为方面存在差异,在海洛因依赖人群的HIV防治过程中,应针对不同性别特征制定个体化的治疗方案,以满足不同性别患者的需求。

Objective To understand the characteristics and gender difference of human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） related risk behavior among heroin dependents in Shanghai. Methods Four hundred and sixty six heroin dependents recruited from three Compulsory Treatment Centers and a Voluntary Drug Abuse Treatment Center were interviewed about the HIV related risk behavior, HIV test and attitude toward prevention. Results HIV high risk behaviors were common in this population including ＂sharing syringes with others＂ （26.3 %）, ＂multiple sex partners（≥ 3）＂ （24.0%）. Willingness to take HIV testing was low, only 6.7% of the samples were very likely to do HIV testing in next year. Male dependents had higher proportion of HIV high risk behaviors than females including ＂share syringes with others＂, ＂total number of sex partners in a life＂, ＂total number of sex partners in a year＂, ＂total number of sex partners in 3 months＂,＂ multiple sex partners（≥ 3）＂, ＂ number of occasional sex partner among multiple sex partners（≥ 2 ）＂, ＂oral sex＂, ＂anal sex＂ （P〈0.05）; the proportion of ＂having HIV test＂ and ＂thinking HIV education participation is meaningful＂ among the female heroin dependents were higher than males （P~ 0.05）. Conclusion The gender difference is existing among heroin dependents in terms of HIV high risk behaviors, and effective HIV prevention and intervention strategies and treatment formula for different genders of heroin dependents should be developed.