广义文化空间视角下非物质文化遗产保护研究——以福建土楼为例

On the Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection from the Perspective of Cultural Space in a Broad Sense——A Case Study of Fujian Earth Building

对于非物质文化遗产的保护,不应该只局限在狭义的文化空间范畴内,而应该从更广义的文化空间视角来展开。广义的文化空间是非物质文化遗产的一种生存环境,这一生存环境包括政治环境、经济环境、文化环境等,它有很多支化的成分,如文化政策、语言、民俗、宗教信仰、经济水平等。它们是非物质文化得以生存和发展的土壤。对于福建土楼非物质文化遗产的保护,主要从文化空间维护角度和文化空间再造角度两个方面展开。文化空间的维护主要包括政府的重视、民俗活动的支撑、非物质文化资源的普查抢救、客家方言的使用。文化空间的再造主要包括以申遗为机遇、以区域联合为基础、以遗产旅游为依托、以教育引导为保障、以大众传媒为指引来共同营造文化空间。

The tangible cultural heritage protection should not merely be limited to the culture of the special category space; instead, it should be viewed and explored from a broader cultural perspective. Culture space in a broad sense refers to the living environments of the intangible cultural heritage which include political environ- ments, economic environments, cultural environments and a variety of sub - elements, such as culture policies, language, religion, customs and economic level. They are the rich soil for the survival and development of in- tangible cultural heritage. The intangible cultural heritage protection of Fujian Earth Building covers the cultural space preservation and cultural space reconstruction. The former ranges from government involvement, support from the folk activities, survey and rescue of the intangible cultural resources to the use of Hakka Dialect. The reconstruction of cultural space, on the other hand, can be created by the declaration of world cultural heritage, regional cooperation, heritage tourism promotion, heritage protection education and the mass media advocacy.