2002—2009年东北早熟春玉米生育期及产量变化

Growth Period and Yield of Early-Maturing Spring Maize in Northeast China from 2002-2009

【目的】分析气候变暖背景下中国东北春玉米生育期及产量的变化趋势,为品种栽培和育种目标方向提供科学依据。【方法】利用2002—2009年国家东北早熟春玉米品种区域试验中对照品种生育期、产量和气候资料等相关数据,分析气候变暖对东北早熟春玉米生产及育种的影响。【结果】对照品种的生育期、营养生长期、花粒期与相应期间的活动积温呈较强的正相关,随着活动积温的增加,生育期和花粒期均有延长的趋势。对照品种产量和年平均气温呈显著正相关(r=0.647*,Sig.=0.041,α=0.05)。随着年平均气温的增加,对照品种产量有进一步提高的趋势。同时,随着生产水平、栽培方式等因素的变化,东北玉米种植密度呈增加趋势。【结论】气候变暖显著影响中国东北早熟春玉米的生育期、产量、生产栽培和育种。选育总生育期长、营养生长期短但生殖生长期长,耐密植的高产品种是东北春玉米适应气候变暖的育种方向。

【Objective】In the context of global climate change, the objective of this research is to analyze the phenophases and yield changes of early-maturing spring maize in Northeast China and provide scientific evidence for the variety cultivation and breeding direction of maize.【Method】The phenological phase data, yield traits and meteorological data from 2002 to 2009 at 10 stations in 4 provinces were analyzed. The possible effects of climate warming on spring maize production and breeding in Northeast China were analyzed.【Result】Growth period, vegetative period and anthesis kernel stage of check varieties showed a strong positive correlation with the active accumulated temperature. Along with the increase of active accumulated temperature, the growing period and anthesis kernel stage tended to be longer. There is a significant positive correlation between check varieties yield and annual average temperature （r=0.647＊,Sig.=0.041,α=0.05）. With the increase of the average temperature, the check varieties production presented an increasing trend. Meanwhile, spring maize cultivation methods have been changed, the optimum density was changed from low to high.【Conclusion】These results mean that climate warming has a significant positive impact on spring maize growth period, production, cultivation and breeding direction in the Northeast China. Therefore, breeding direction needs to be adjusted to fit the climate warming, intensive planting, longer growth period, pest and disease resistance, drought resistance, high quality and high yield should be the breeding objective of spring maize in the future in Northeast China.