1980份小麦地方品种和国外种质抗条锈性鉴定与评价

Identification and Evaluation of Resistance to Stripe Rust in 1980 Wheat Landraces and Abroad Germplasm

【目的】寻找新的条锈病抗源并建立高效抗源筛选和评价体系,为小麦抗条锈病育种提供理论依据。【方法】针对1 980份尚未大量应用于中国小麦生产的地方品种和国外种质,在陕西杨凌地区人工混合小种接种鉴定圃和甘肃天水地区自然诱发鉴定圃进行连续3年的成株期抗病性鉴定筛选;利用苗期抗谱分析,同时以Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr18和Yr26等已知抗条锈病基因的分子标记进行检测筛查,综合分析所筛选的抗病材料可能携带的抗病基因。【结果】筛选出8份具有全生育期抗性和42份具成株期抗性的小麦条锈病抗源。结合抗病表现和已知Yr基因分子检测分析表明:50份抗病材料中有6份材料可能带有Yr9;2份材料可能带有Yr10;21份材料可能带有Yr18;未发现携带Yr5、Yr15和Yr26的抗源;品冬34、青春39等6份材料可能携带未发掘的全生育期抗条锈病新基因。【结论】建立了小麦条锈病抗源鉴定和评价体系,筛选出50余份具有不同抗病性特征的抗源材料,为进一步培育抗条锈病新品种奠定了基础。

【Objective】The objective of this study is to search new resistance sources and build evaluation system, and to provide a theological basis for breeding for disease resistance stripe rust of wheat. 【Method】 A total of 1 980 wheat landraces and foreign germplasms, which had not been widely used in China, were evaluated for resistance to stripe rust at seedling stage in greenhouse with 4 races of Puccinia triticina, and on adult plants under field conditions in Yangling and Tianshui, respectively, during 2008-2011. The selected resistant sources were detected with the known DNA markers linked to rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr18 and Yr26.【Result】A selection of 50 resistant entries were screened in both artificial nursery with mixed races at Yangling and natural nursery at Tianshui, including 8 entries which had seedling resistance and 42 entries which had adult plant resistance. Combined with the resistance spectra and the detection of Yr gene markers, 6 entries possibly carried Yr9, 2 entries possibly carried Yr10, 21 entries possibly carried Yr18 in the resistant 50 entries. There was no indication of Yr5, Yr15 and Yr26 in any selected resistant entries. Six materials including Pindong34 and Qingchun39 displayed high or very high levels of resistance, which might carry uncharacterised and full compatibility at the seedling stage the new rust resistance Yr.【Conclusion】An effective method was established for identification and evolution of resistance to stripe rust, and 50 wheat germplasms were searched out with polygenic resistant characters. These resistant sources can be used in wheat breeding program for resistance to the disease.