“诗言志”在汉儒阐释中的歧出意义及其本意之失落

Inconsistent Significance in the Han-Confucians Interpretation and Its Loss of “Poetry Express Will”

《尚书》中"典乐教胄子"所希冀达致的,是由道德修养自然呈现的一种境界——中庸,"诗言志"的"志"就必然指向道德意志,而不是指向"情"。但是,诗歌实际创作中更多抒情的现象,使"诗言志"自身潜伏着内在矛盾。为了回避这种矛盾,汉儒将诗中表现的"情"与社会的治乱关联起来,从而发挥了诗的政治功用。这是汉儒阐释"诗言志"的歧出意义。随着那种作为手段的道德逐渐沦为虚伪的产物,汉儒的政治化道德哲学及其诗学都面临了危机。之后的诗学,或者顽固地延续汉儒的理论,或者在有意无意之间规避着诗和政教的联系。《尚书》"诗言志"的理想,终于在若有若无间彻底失落。

Moral cultivation presents a state of the Doctrine of the Mean from the Book of History.In 'Poetry Express Will','Will' inevitably is moral will,not 'emotion'.However,the creation of many poems has emotion,which makes 'Poetry Express Will' conceal internal contradictions.In order to avoid contradictions,the Han-Confucians connect 'emotion' in poem with social disorder,and give play to political effect of poem.This is inconsistent significance of 'Poetry Express Will' in the Han-Confucians Interpretation.Because moral as a means gradually becomes false product,both politicized moral philosophy and poetics are faced with crisis.The latter poetics either stubbornly continues Han-Confucianism theory or evads the contact between poetry and politics intentionally or unintentionally.The ideal of 'Poetry Express Will' in the Book of Historyfinally completely lost.