从女权斗士、香闺佳人到贤妻良母——民初上海女性期刊读者定位的演变及分析

From Fighters for Feminism to Beauties of Lady's Bedchamber then to Virtuous-wife-and-worthy-mothers on the Evolution and Analysis of Reader Positioning of Women Periodicals in Shanghai in Early Republic

民初上海报业商业化及文化思想界新旧混杂状况塑造了其时女性期刊的多种面貌和对女性读者不同层面的身份定位。女性参政运动期间,女权运动精英创办的期刊显示出强烈的民族主义、女权主义立场,其女性读者定位是具有民族国家意识的女权斗士。其时"鸳鸯蝴蝶派"文人也开始占据阅读市场,女性读者被定位为文化消费的主体,如何满足闺中女性的阅读欲成为报刊编辑实践的核心。后商务印书馆、中华书局分别创办《妇女杂志》、《中华妇女界》,在市场获利和承担文化责任双重使命中取折中态度,以知识、技能、美德等为核心话语,女性读者身份定位转变为相夫教子的"贤妻良母"。这种对女性读者身份定位的不断变换凸显了民族主义与商业利益交织的语境中中国女性身份的多种可能性。

In the first years of the Republic of China,newspapering commercialization in Shanghai,as well as the mixed status of new culture and ideology combining with the old ones,shaped the various characters of women periodicals and determined different aspects of identity positioning towards women readership.During the female suffrage movement,the publications started by elites from woman's rights showed a strong standpoint of nationalism and feminism,with their female reader orientation becoming the feminism fighters who possess intense national consciousness.The reading market then was also starting to be occupied by the literators of Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School,and female readership was gradually regarded as the main part of cultural consumption;therefore,how to meet the demand of women who spent their lives living in bedchambers evolved as the core of newspaper editing practice.Subsequently,Commercial Press and Zhonghua Book Company started Feminine Magazine and The Chinese Woman respectively.With using the