粳稻花粉植株后代的性状遗传及其育种应用研究

Character heredity of pollen plant of Japonica rice and its application on breeding

本文根据十余年来对粳稻花粉植株后代性状遗传的观察研究,证明花粉植株一代染色体的倍性表现出多种效型,因而产生了多种多样不同性状的植株.从第二代(H_2) 开始,花粉植株的主要农艺性状具有相对稳定性,差异不显著,没有随世代的演变而发生退化或分离现象,也未发现育性的逆转现象. 实践证明,应用粳稻花粉植株进行育种是可行的,它能迅速稳定杂种后代和有较高的选择效率.因此,这是一种多、快、好、省的育种方法.

This paper reports our research on the character heredity of pollenplant in the last ten years, which shows that chromosome ploidy of pollen plantH_1 varies widely and all kinds of plantlets are regenerated. From pollen plantH_2, its major agronomic characters are relatively stable. Thus we know, withthe alternation of generations, the descendant of pollen plant does not produceboth deterioration or separation and reversed rotation of fertility. It is practicable to breed new Japonica variety by the method of anther cul-ture, because it can promptly stabilize the descendant of hybrid combinaton andprovide influentially selected materials and arise the efficiency of selection. Itis obvious that anther culture is one of the best, most rapid breeding methods.