颈动脉狭窄合并冠心病的分期介入治疗及随访研究

Staged interventional therapy for coexistent carotid artery stenosis and coronary artery disease

目的探讨分期介入治疗颈动脉狭窄合并冠心病患者的疗效,并发症及随访效果。方法回顾性分析了57例经冠状动脉及脑血管造影或CT血管成像(CTA)证实的颈动脉狭窄合并冠心病患者的临床资料,所有患者均先行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),术后1周左右再行颈动脉支架术(CAS),手术前后均进行水化以保护肾功能,观察手术前后患者的神经功能评分(mRS)、肾功能,术中术后并发症等,对患者进行长期随访,观察有无心肌梗死、脑梗死并复查造影观察支架内情况。结果 57例患者均成功行分期介入手术,技术成功率100%,术中显示血管通畅,狭窄解除满意,手术前后患者mRS评分无明显变化,两次介入前后估算的肾小球滤过率无明显变化,1例患者PCI术后3d出现原脑梗症状加重,紧急行CAS术,预后良好。虽有16例患者存在颈动脉窦反射,但所有患者术后均未出现心肌梗死、脑梗死,无死亡患者。随访期间无一例患者出现心肌梗死及支架侧脑梗死。结论对于颈动脉狭窄合并冠心病患者,分期先行PCI后行CAS是安全有效的治疗方式。

Objective To investigate the effect of staged interventional therapy in treatment of coexistent carotid artery stenosis and coronary artery disease. Methods The data of fifty-seven patients with carotid artery stenosis and coronary artery disease confirmed by CT angiography （CTA） or Digital Subtraction Angiography （DSA） were analysed retrospectively. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention（PCI） was performed in all patients firstly, and Carotid Artery Stent （CAS） was done one week later. Hydration was performed perioperatively to protect the renal function. Neurological function （mRS）, renal function and complications were evaluated perioperatively. The patients were followed-up to observe if there was myocardial infarction or cerebral infarction and if there was stenosis in stent. Results Staged interventional therapy were performed successfully in all patients. Intraoperative angiography shew satisfied stenosis release and forward blood flow. There was no obvious alteration in mRS and renal function （P0.05）. One patient with cerebral ischemia deteriorated 3 days after PCI and was quickly recovered after CAS immediately. Although carotid sinus reflection occurred in 16 patients during CAS, there was no myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction occurred postoperatively. There was also no myocardial infarction, cerebral infarcion corelated with stent and death during the following up. Conclusions For patients coexistent with carotid artery stenosis and coronary artery disease, staged PCI followed by CAS may be a safe and feasible strategy.