肇庆市2010-2011年手足口病疫情和病原学分析

Epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Zhaoqing, 2010-2011

目的了解肇庆市2010-2011年手足口病的流行特征。方法应用描述流行病学的方法对肇庆市2010-2011年手足口病疫情资料进行分析。结果肇庆市2010年报告手足口病10112例,报告发病率为263.70/10万,死亡病例8例,病死率为0.21/10万;2011年报告手足口病15030例,报告发病率为383.61/10万,无死亡病例报告。手足口病以4-7月发病较多,城区或城乡结合地区和经济发达地区为手足口病的高发区域。手足口病发病以散居和幼托儿童为主,1～3岁年龄段发病率最高。2010年以EV71为主要流行毒株,2011年EV71、其他肠道病毒和CoxA16相继成为优势毒株。2010年重症病例比例与EV71构成比成正相关关系(r=0.573,P<0.01)。结论肇庆市手足口发病存在明显的季节、地区、性别及年龄的差异,重症病例发生与EV71构成有关。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） in Zhaoqing. Method Descriptive methods were used to analyze the data on HFMD from 2010 to 2011 in Zhaoqing. Results In 2010, 10 112 cases of HFMD were reported, with an incidence rate of 263.70 / 10 million, eight cases of deaths and the mortality rate of 0.21/10 million. In 2011, 15 030 cases were reported, with an incidence rate of 383.61 / 10 million, and no death case. Most cases occurred from April to July each year. Cities, combined town and country, and economically developed areas had a high prevalence of HFMD. Age of onset was mainly scattered children and kindergarten children, with the highest morbidity of age 1～3 year old. EV71 was the predominant virus in 2010, while EV71, other enteroviruses and CoxA16 became the dominant strains one after the other in 2011. The ratio of serious cases of HFMD was increased with the prevalent proportion of EV71 strains （r=0.573,P0.01）. Conclusion There were significant seasonal, regional, sex-specific and age-specific differences of HFMD in Zhaoqing with serious cases of HFMD rate positively correlated with the prevalent proportion of EV71.