不同种源南方红豆杉生长差异分析及早期速生优良种源筛选

Analysis on growth difference of Taxus wallichiana var.mairei from different provenances and selection of fast-growing provenances at early age

在浙江龙泉和安吉试验点,对来源于10省(区)24个种源的南方红豆杉〔Taxus wallichiana var.mairei(Lemée et Lévl.)L.K.Fu et Nan Li〕4年生幼苗的7个生长指标进行了测定及方差分析,并对生长指标间以及生长指标与地理-气候因子间的相关性进行了分析;此外,以树高和地径为标准初步筛选出一些速生优良种源。测量结果显示:2个试验点不同种源4年生幼苗的树高、地径、当年抽梢长和侧枝数以及侧枝的最大长度及最大直径的变化幅度以及安吉试验点各种源幼苗冠幅的变化幅度均在25%以上,说明各种源间生长指标的差异较大。方差分析结果表明:龙泉试验点各种源间幼苗侧枝的最大直径以及安吉试验点各种源间幼苗的树高无显著差异,其他生长指标在种源间均有显著或极显著差异,且冠幅、当年抽梢长和侧枝的最大长度具有显著或极显著的种源-地点互作效应。相关性分析结果表明:幼苗的冠幅与地径和树高呈显著或极显著的正相关,且侧枝的最大长度与树高和冠幅也呈显著或极显著的正相关;虽然2个试验点间各种源幼苗的7个生长指标与地理-气候因子的相关性有一定差异,但总体上未表现出明显的地理变异模式。根据2个试验点幼苗树高和地径的综合表现,初步筛选出湖南靖州、江西井冈山、福建沙县、江西武宁、云南石屏和贵州梵净山6个种源为南方红豆杉的早期速生优良种源。

In test plots of Longquan and Anji of Zhejiang Province, seven growth indexes of 4-year-old seedlings of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei （Lem6e et L6d.） L. K. Fu et Nan Li from 24 provenances of 10 provinces were determined and their variance analyses were also carried out, and the correlations among growth indexes and between growth indexes and geographical-climatic factors were also analyzed. Otherwise, taking height and ground diameter as standards, the fast-growing provenances were also preliminarily selected. The determination results indicate that change ranges of height, ground diameter, length of shoot and number of lateral branch in current year, maximum length and maximum diameter of lateral branch of 4-year-old seedlings from different provenances in two test plots and change range of crown width of seedlings from different provenances in Anji all are above 25%, meaning that there are great differences in growth indexes among provenances. The results of variance analysis show that differences in maximum diameter of lateral branch of seedling in Longquan and in height of seedling in Anii are not siznificant among different or extremely significant among different provenances. And crown width, length of shoot in current year and maximum length of lateral branch all have significant or extremely significant effects of provenance-location interaction. The results of correlation analysis show that there is significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation between crown width and ground diameter or height, and also, there is significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation between maximum length of lateral branch and height or crown width. Although, there is a certain difference in correlation between seven growth indexes of seedlings from different provenances and geographical-climatic factors among two test plots, in a whole, these growth indexes do not appear obvious geographic variation pattern. According to the comprehensive performance of height and ground diameter of seedlings in two test plots, six provenances from Jingzhou of Hu＇ nan, Jinggangshan of Jiangxi, Shaxian of Fujian, Wu＇ ning of Jiangxi, Shiping of Yunnan and Fanjingshan of Guizhou are preliminarily selected for fast-growing provenances of T. wallichiana vat. mairei at early age.