浅析英汉互译中被动语态的直译与意译

A Tentative Discussion on Literal Translation and Free Translation in English and Chinese Passive Voice

英语被动句形式单一,通过使用条件和表现形式上的对比分析,英语以带标记的被动句为主;而汉语则以较为复杂、多变,无标志的被动句居多。英汉被动语态的直译,英译汉时注意在谓语动词的前面加上被动词来表示被动含义,把汉译为英时,应注意主语、动词间的关系。英汉被动语态的意译,在意思不变的前提下,将英语中的被动句翻译成主动形式的汉语。汉译英时要采用各种方式特别强调接受动作人或物的重要性。为提高英汉互译中被动语态的翻译工作,注意直译和意译的结合及出现歧义和词根变化的特殊翻译。

Through the comparative analysis about the use of terms and expressions, English passive voice is single mainly with marked passive sentences, while Chinese passive voice is more complex, changefu~ and unmarked. In the translation between English and Chinese, the most important thing is to obey the authorg meaning; English translation is to pay attention to predicate verbs. Chinese translation is to emphasis the relation of subjects and verbs. To make free translation without any meaning changing, it is usual to translate English passive sentences into Chinese active form, especially emphasizing active persons or things. To improve the translation level, the co.mbination of literal and free translation, as well as some special forms also should be paid more attention.