“始得”的语法化历程及动因

The Course and Incentives of the Grammaticalization of ShiDe( 始得)

"始得"由非词演化为词,历经了先秦的非词结构、两汉的两义结构、唐宋的成词和高频率使用阶段以及元后的萎缩阶段。"始得"的语法化是由内、外因共同作用的结果,其内因是语义的变化,外因是高频率的使用和适合的语境。唐宋时,"VP始得"高频率出现于唐宋禅宗文献和《朱子语类》中,因其后省略了"VP2",使其语义更为含蓄和深刻,这一特点正符合了禅宗"不立文字"和"言语道断"的要求。

The dissertation analyzes the historical changes of ShiDe（始得） from the non-word to word, whose evolution has four stages： the non-word before Qin Dynasty, the non-word and the word during the Western and Eastern Dynasties, the formation of the word and highly-frequent usages in Tang and Song Dynasties, and the shrinkage in Yuan and after Yuan Dynasty, indicating the grammatical features of the weakness of meaning, context, and high frequency. The grammatical structure of ＂VP ShiDe（使得） ＂, appears frequently in Buddhism Zen＇s literature in Tang and Song Dynasties and in Zhu Zi Yu Lei. Because of its omitting VP2 after the structure, its meaning turns more implicit and profound, which is consistent with Zen＇s doctrine which demands showing meaning free from words and profound meaning unsuitable for words.